RESUMO
The present work aimed to characterize the nanoemulsion of anise seed extract and to compare its efficacy with the bulk extract against pathogenic bacteria. The anise seeds extract was prepared by cold solvent extraction method using ethanol. Nanoemulsion of anise extract was formulated using ultrasound assisted method and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoemulsion was tested against seven foodborne pathogenic bacterial species. Results showed that the extract contained anethole (37%), naringenin (21%), and taxifolin (13%) as the major phytochemical components. The average droplet size of the nanoemulsion droplets was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and confirmed by transmission electron microscope to be about 400 nm. Anise extract nanoemulsion showed higher antimicrobial activity against most of the tested pathogens. Anise extract nanoemulsion performed better than bulk extract as an antimicrobial agent against some foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/química , Emulsões/química , Pimpinella/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Derivados de Alilbenzenos , Anisóis/química , Anisóis/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Difusão Dinâmica da Luz , Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nanoestruturas/química , Pimpinella/metabolismo , Sonicação , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
During superficial radiotherapy, and for cases where bony structures lie relatively close to the surface behind the tissue region being treated, perturbations to delivered dose are expected due to the change in tissue scattering conditions and the value of buildup factor near the tissue/bone interface. The absorbed dose distribution within bone, muscle, and muscle-bone-muscle interfaces was estimated for photons within the energy range 0.05 to 1.333 MeV. The energy absorption buildup factor is computed using the (GP) fitting method for a geometry of adjacent layers within a multilayer tissue matrix where a thick slab of solid bone is located in-between slabs of muscles of the same thickness. It was observed that dose enhancement was limited only to a few millimeters close to the interface. Also, variations in dose at the interface were found significant only for low photon energies and relatively insignificant at photon energies higher than 0.06 MeV.
